Leaders Of The Major Philosophical Schools
| Period | Academy -- Platonic | Peripatetic -- Aristotelian | Stoic -- The Stoa | Epicurean -- The Garden |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400–376 BC | Plato (387–347 BC) | |||
| 375–351 BC | ||||
| 350–326 BC | Speusippus (347–339 BC) Xenocrates (339–314 BC) |
Aristotle (335–322 BC) | ||
| 325–301 BC | Polemon (314–269 BC) | Theophrastus (322–287 BC) | Zeno of Citium (301–262 BC) | The Men -- co-founders:Epicurus (307–270 BC) Polyaenus (c.345–286 BC) Metrodorus (c.331–278 BC) Hermarchus (c.325–250 BC) → becomes 1st Scholarch |
| 300–276 BC | Strato of Lampsacus (287–269 BC) | |||
| 275–251 BC | Crates of Athens (269–264 BC) Arcesilaus (268–241 BC) |
Lyco of Troas (269–225 BC) | Cleanthes (262–232 BC) | 1. Hermarchus (270–250 BC) (of The Men) Rabirius (late 2nd c. BC) -- among first to write in Latin |
| 250–226 BC | Lacydes (241–215 BC) | Chrysippus (232–206 BC) | 2. Polystratus (250–219 BC) | |
| 225–201 BC | Telecles & Evander (215–205 BC) | Aristo of Ceos (225–190 BC) | Zeno of Tarsus (206–190 BC) | 3. Dionysius of Lamptrai (219–205 BC) 4. Basilides of Tyrus (205–175 BC) |
| 200–176 BC | Hegesinus (190–155 BC) | sparse records | Diogenes of Babylon (190–150 BC) | Titus Albucius (late 2nd c. BC) -- studied in Athens; brought teachings to Rome Catius Insuber (c.120–45 BC) -- popular Celtic author, Northern Italy |
| 175–151 BC | Carneades (155–129 BC) | 5. Protarchus of Barghilia (175–150 BC) | ||
| 150–126 BC | Clitomachus (129–110 BC) | Antipater of Tarsus (150–129 BC) Panaetius (129–109 BC) |
6. Apollodorus of Athens (147–125 BC) Gaius Amafinius (c.150–120 BC) -- first to write in Latin Lucius Manlius Torquatus (2nd c.–46 BC) -- friend of Cicero Siro (1st c. BC) -- pupil of Zeno of Sidon; founded school at Naples; taught Virgil | |
| 125–101 BC | Philo of Larissa (110–84 BC) | Posidonius (c.110–51 BC) | 7. Zeno of Sidon (c.125–75 BC) Titus Pomponius Atticus (110–32 BC) -- close friend of Cicero; wisely apolitical Lucius Cornelius Sisenna (2nd–1st c. BC) -- historian; "inconsistent" Epicurean | |
| 100–76 BC | Antiochus of Ascalon (79–40 BC) | Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (c.100–43 BC) -- friend of Cicero; Caesar's father-in-law Gaius Julius Caesar (100–44 BC) -- Held numerous Epicurean views Gaius Cassius Longinus (86–42 BC) -- friend of Cicero; conspirator against Caesar Philodemus of Gadara (c.110–40 BC) -- philosopher and poet at Herculaneum | ||
| 75–51 BC | Nicolaus of Damascus (64 BC–14 AD) Andronicus of Rhodes (c.60–20 BC) |
8. Phaedrus (75–70 BC) 9. Patro (70–51 BC) Titus Lucretius Carus (99–55 BC) -- writes De Rerum Natura Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (c.90s–43 BC) -- friend of Cicero and Caesar Gaius Cassius Longinus (86–42 BC) Caius Trebatius Testa (84 BC–4 AD) -- friend of Cicero; supported Caesar | ||
| 50–26 BC | Eudorus of Alexandria (c.50–15 BC) | Scholarchs 10–15 not yet identified Publius Virgilius Maro / Virgil (70–19 BC) -- student of Siro at Naples Gaius Cilnius Maecenas (70–8 BC) -- political advisor to Octavian/Augustus Quintus Horatius Flaccus / Horace (65–8 BC) -- coined "carpe diem" Calpurnia Caesaris (c.75 BC–?) -- daughter of Piso Caesoninus Lucius Calpurnius Piso Pontifex (48 BC–32 AD) -- son of Piso Caesoninus | ||
| 25–1 BC | Philo of Alexandria (c.20 BC–50 AD) | · Publius Quintilius Varus (46 BC–9 AD) -- general; fellow-student of Virgil Caius Stallius Hauranus (1st c. BC–1st c. AD) -- student at Naples | ||
| 1–25 AD | Seneca (4–65 AD) G. Musonius Rufus (c.20–101 AD) |
· Marcus Gavius Apicius (1st c. AD) -- gourmet during Tiberius' reign Nomentanus (1st c. AD) -- Roman Epicurean during Tiberius' reign | ||
| 26–50 AD | Plutarch of Chaeronea (46–120 AD) | · Gaius Petronius Arbiter (c.27–66 AD) Publius Manlius Vopiscus (1st c. AD) -- patron of the poet Statius | ||
| 51–75 AD | Epictetus (c.55–135 AD) | · Caius Artorius Celer (1st–2nd c. AD) -- philosopher from North Africa | ||
| 76–100 AD | · | |||
| 101–125 AD | Aspasius (c.100–150 AD) | Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD) | 16. Popillius Theotimus (c.100–130 AD) Empress Pompeia Plotina (c.68–121 AD) -- widow of Trajan; interceded with Hadrian for the school | |
| 126–150 AD | Numenius of Apamea (c.150–210 AD) | 17. Heliodorus (c.130–180 AD) Aurelius Belius Philippus (2nd c. AD) -- head of Apamean school Tiberius Claudius Lepidus (2nd c. AD) -- founded school at Amastris | ||
| 151–175 AD | Diogenes of Oinoanda (2nd–3rd c. AD) -- carved the great inscription Lucius Septimius Severus (145–211 AD) -- Emperor 193–211 AD | |||
| 176–200 AD | Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. c.200 AD) | Zenobius (2nd–3rd c. AD) -- target of a work by Alexander of Aphrodisias |
Scholarchs (Leaders of the School In Athens) are numbered. The Men (dashed border) were co-founders, not successors. Smaller italic entries are notable Epicureans who were not formal scholarchs. Scholarchs 10–15 are marked · pending identification. All dates approximate.